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C. H. ZWERIVIANN.

KILN.

APPLICATloN FILED SEPI. I l. mu.

Paiftpd .I mw I0, 1919.

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C. H. ZWERMANN.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 11, 191B.

Patented June 10, 1919.

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C. H. ZWERMANN.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I1, 191s.

1,306, 1 6 1 Patented June 10, 1919.

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@uvm/Lto@ C arl. H. Zwcrmann CA H. ZWERIVIANN.

KILN.

APPLICATIDN FILED SEPTA l1. 191s.

1,306, 1 14. Patented June l0, 1919.

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CARL H. ZWERMANN, 0F KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN.

KILN'.

Specification of Letters Patent.

PatcntedJune 10, 1919.

To all 'whom t may concern Beit known that I, CARL I-I. ZWERMANN, a citizen ofthe United States, residing at the city and county of Kalamazoo, State of Michigan, have invented certain new vand useful Improvements in Kilns, of which the following is a specification. v

This invention relates to improvements in kilns.

The main objects of this invention are: First, to provide a kiln in which fuel savvery large extent of the heat given off by the cooling stock to partially heat the incoming stock. f

Second, to provide in a kiln an improved air heating and circulating means in a preheating zone.

Third, to provide a kiln in which a large portion of the heat units inthe products of combustion or waste gases are utilize Fourth, to provide a kiln in `which the ir- I' ing as Well as preheating is accomplished by meansof ycirculating air, the stock treated being at no'time subject dto the products (Tf combustion. y

Fifth, to provide an improved kiln in which the Walls of the combustion chamber are supported so that the expanding or contracting thereof does not injuriously affect other parts of the structure.

' Sixth, to provide an improved kiln which l is of large capacity.

lfollowing specification.

Further objects, 'and objects relating to structural details, will definitelyv appear from the detailed description to follow.

Il accomplish the objects of my invention by the devices and means described in the The invention is clearly defined and pointedout in the claims.

Astructure which is a preferred embodiment of my invention is clearly illustrated in the 'accompanying drawing, forming a part of this specification, in which: Figure I and Fig. IA are complementary detail vertical longitudinal sections through one of the tunnels of my improved kiln on a line corresponding to line 1 1 4of Figs. III and IIIA. i

Fig..II and Fig. IIA are complementary detail longitudinal sections through my imroved kiln on a line corres ondinU to line of the tunnels.

proved kiln on a line corresponding to line 3 3 of Figs. I, IA, II, and IIA.

Fig. IV is a transverse vertical section on aline kcorresponding to line 4 4 of Figs. I, IIand III.

Fig. V is a transverse vertical section on a line corresponding to line 5 5 of Figs. III

I` on a line corresponding to line 8 8 of Figs.

III and IIIA.

Fig. IX is an enlarged detail longitudinal section on a line corresponding to line 9 9 of Figs. III, IIIA and Fig. Xis a vertical central section through one of the preliminary heating zones and cooling zone llues.

Fig XI is a detail longitudinal section on a line corresponding to line 11 11 of Figs.

III and IIIA.

Fig. XII is a plan view of one of the trucks.

Fig. XIII is a detail vertical section through the bed thereof on aline corresponding to line 13 13 of Fig. XII.

-Iny the drawing similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views and the sectional views are taken looking in the direction. of the little arrows at the ends of the section lines.

Referring to thedrawing, I provide a pair of tunnels, designated generally by the numerals 1 and 2, the tunnels being substantial duplicates and are arranged side by side but in a reverse relation, the discharging end of one tunnel being at the charging end of the other, as is the case in the structure shown in Letters Patent, issued to me Aug. 13, 1918, No. 1,275,353. The inner wall -3 of the tunnels is common to both. i

A transfer track 4 is arranged at each end The kilns shown are designed for the burning of liquid or'gaseous fuel, a burner B being conventionally illustrated, see Fig. VIIIL Only slight modification and adaptation is required to adapt the structure to the burning of solidl fuels.

The trucks 5 are shown conventlonally,

tracks 6 being provided in each tunnel. A

propelling mechanism, designated generally by the numeral 7 is provided at the charg- 9 so that uniform heating of the stock is` secured. Each tunnel is provided with a combustion chamber 11 at the outer side of its firing zone.

The walls 12 of the combustion chamber are preferably formed of relatively thin plates of carborundum and are capable of withstanding great heat and at the same time are relatively thin so that the heat is readily transmitted thereto. bustion chamber wall plates 12 are supported by spaced transverse ribs 13 in the walls `at the bottom and sides of the combustion chamber forming a series of circulating passages 14; surrounding the combustion chamber and opening into the firing zone of the tunneL-see Figs. III,IIIA, V and VIII.

A baffle wall 15 is provided between the tunnel chamber and the combustion chamber so as to compel a circulation from these ilucs or circulating passages 14 through the `tunnel chamber,-see Fig. V. The trucks are of such height that their circulating passages 10 are in alinement with the openings 16 communicating with the bottoms of the passages 14,-see Fig. V. With this arrangement of parts the firing zone ma be suitably heated Without any of the pro ucts of combustion coming into contact with' the stock treated.

Each combustion chamber discharges to a preheating flue 17 eii'tending for some distance along the outer side of each tunnel toward the entrance or charging end thereof to the stacks 18. The inner walls 15 of the preheating flues are continuations of the baille walls'l.

The bottom plates 19 of these preheating fines are supported by spaced ribs' 20 proriding passages 21 opening into the tunnel chambers on a level with the passages 10 of the truck bed,-see Fig. V. Air circulating fines 22, preferably of metal, open through the bottom plates 19 to communicate with these passages 21 and through the top plates 23 into a space 24 above the preheating tlues. This secures a large radiating surface for the preheating flues and insures a circulation of air in the preheating zone.

In advance of each preheating zone is the water smoking zone as it is called sometimes in whlch the coolmg of the stock in the discharging end of one tunnel is utilized to preliminarily heat the ware in the other tunnel and vice versa. The inner Wall 3, preferably has thin portions 3 at this point and a series of vertically disposed circulat. ing lues 25 are arranged in the discharging or cooling end of the tunnels, and provided with lateral arms 26 at the top and bottom openings through the inner Wall into the other tunnel,-see Figs. III, 111A, VI and X. This provides heat for the water smoking step and also facilitates the cooling of the discharge.

To provide preheated air for the burners I provide a passage 27 in the top of each tunnel 'opening to the outer air at 28, the passages being provided with a vertical portion 29 in the outer wall leading to the burners. The water smoking zone of each tunnel is provided with vents 30. By this arrangement the stock is gradually `heated without bringing the products of combustion into contact with it at any time 'and an effective circulation is secured in the Water smoking zone, preheating zone and the firing zone, so that the stock not only is uniformly heated but all of the stock is effectively heated and fired without regard to its position on the truck and this circulation is maintained without the employment of fans or the like.

.The vcombustion chamber illustrated is .Well adapted for the use of liquid or gaseous Iuhave illustrated and described my pres-Y ent lmprovements in an embodiment which I consider highly desirable. I have not attempted to illustrate or describe certain modi# lications or adaptations which I contem- K plate as I believe the disclosure made will enable those skilled in the art to which my invention relates to embody or adapt the sameaslma be desired.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. The combination of a pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the charging end of one at the discharging end of the other and having a common inner wall, heating means comprising combustion chambers dis osed at the outer sides of the tunnels, ba e walls between the tunnel chambers and combustion chambers disposed with their tops in a spaced relation to the tops of the tunnel chambers and having openings therethrough at the bottom, said combustion chambers being formed of plates supported by spaced transverse ribs on the walls at the sides and bottom thereof providing air circulating'passages communicating with the tunnel chambers through said open-y ings in sai'd baiie walls and over the tops thereof, preheating flues to which the combustion chambers deliver, the inner walls for the preheating lues being continuations of said baffle walls, there being spaced transverse passages below said preheating ues -communicating with the tunnel chambers,

, into the ends of the tunnels, and air preheating passages for ithe heating means formed in the topwalls ofthe tunnels and leading from the discharge ends thereof and hav-ing delivery portions in the outer walls of the tunnels communicating with the heating means.

2. The combination of a pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverserelation with the charging end of one at the discharging end of the other and having a common lnner wall, heating means comprising combustion chambers disposed at the outer sides of the tunnels, baiiie walls between the tunne chambers and combustion chambers disposed with their tops in a spaced relation to the tops of the tunnel chambers and having openings therethrough at the bottom, said combustion chambers being formed of plates supported -by spaced transverse ribs on the walls at the sides and bottom thereof providing air circulating passages communicating with the tunnel chambers through said openings in said baie walls and over the tops thereof, preheatingA iues to which the combustion chambers deliver, the inner walls for the preheating iiu'es being continuations of said baiiie walls, there being spaced trans- .verse passages below said preheating lues communicating with 'the tunnel chambers, vertical air circulating iiues disposed through said preheating flues with their lower ends opening into said passages below thesame and their upper ends communicating with the tunnel chambers, said combustion chambers an'd preheating iiues being disposed in reverse relation with the preheating lues toward the charging ends of thel tunnels, and circulating fiues disposed at the inner sides of the discharge ends of the tunnels and opening at their u per and lower ends through the. inner wal of the tunnels into the ends of the tunnels.

p the same an 3. The combination of a pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the charging end of one at the discharging end of the other having a common inner wall, heating means comprising combustion chambers disposed at the outer sides of the tunnels, baffle walls between the tunnel chambers and combustion chambers disposed with their tops in a spaced relation to the tops of the tunnel chambers and having openings therethrough at the bottom, said combustion chambers -being-formed of plates supported by spaced transverse ribs on the `Walls at the sides and bottom 'thereof providing air circulating passages communicating with the tunnel chambers through said openings in said bafiie walls and over the tops thereof, preheating fiues, to which the combustion chambers deliver, the inner walls for the preheating flues ybeing continuations of said baiie walls, there being spaced transverse passages4 below said preheating flues communicating with'the tunnel chambers, vertical air clrculating fines disposed through said preheating 'ues with their lower ends o enin into said assa es below the same and their upper ends communicating with the tunnel cham'zb'ers, said combustion chambers and preheating flues being disposed in reverse relation'with the preheating iues t0- ward the charging ends of the tunnels, and air preheating passages for the heating means formed in the top walls of the tunnels and leading from the discharge ends thereof and having delivery portions in the outer walls of the tunnels communicating with the heating means.

4. The combination of a pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the charging end of one at the discharging end of the other having a common inner wall, heating means comprising combustion chambers dis osedv at the outer sides of the tunnels, bale wa-llsbetween the tunnel cham- .bers and combustion chambers disposed with their tops in a spaced relation 'to the topsv of `the tunnel chambers and having o enings therethrough at the bottom, said com ustion.

chambers beinglformed of plates supported by spaced transverse ribs on the walls at the sides and bottom thereof 'providing air circulating passages communicating with the tunnel chambers through said openings in said bafiie walls' and over the tops thereof, preheating fines to which the combustion chambers deliver, the inner walls for the preheating lues being continuations of said baile walls, there being spaced transverse passages below said preheating fines coinmunicating with the tunnel chambers, and vertical air circulating flues disposed through said preheating lues with their lower ends o ening into said passages below their upper ends communicating with the tunnel Qhambers, said combustion chambers and preheatingiues being disposed in reverse relation with the preheating flu'es toward the charging ends of the tunnels.

5 The combination of a pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the charging end of one at the discharging end of the other and having a common inner wall, heating means comprising combustion chambers dis osed at the outer sides of the tunnels, ba e' walls between the tunnel chambers and combustion chambers, air circulating passages about said combustion chamber communicating at their upper and lower ends with the tunnel chambers, preheating fines to which the combustion chambers deliver, inner walls for the preheating ilues being continuations of said baille walls, air circulating iiues disposed through said preheating flues and communicating at their upper and lower ends-with said tunnel chambers, said combustion chambers and preheat ing flues being disposed in reverse relation with the preheating iues toward the charging ends of the tunnels, and circulating flues disposed at the inner sides of the discharge ends of the tunnels and opening at their upper and lower ends through the inner wall of the tunnel into the charging end of the tunnels. v

6. The combination of a pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the charging end of one at the discharging endof the other having a common inner- Wall, heating means comprising combustion chambers dis osed at 'the outer sides of the tunnels, ba e walls between the tunnel chambers and combustion chambers, air circulating passages about said combustion chamber communicating at their upper and lower ends with the tunnel chambers, preheating flues to which. the combustion chambers deliver, inner walls for the preheatin flues being continuationsof said baiiie wal s, and air circulating ues disposed through said preheating iues and communicating at their upper and lower ends with said tunnel chambers, said combustion chambers and preheating lues being disposed in reverse relation with the preheating ilues toward the charging ends of the tunnels.

7. The combination of a pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the charging end of one at the discharging end of the other and having a common inner wall, heating means comprising combustion chambers disposed at `the outer sides of the tunnels, air circulating passages aboutrsaid combustion chamber communicating at their upper and lower ends with the tunnel chambers, preheating ilues to which the combustion chambers deliver, air circulating fiues disposed through said preheating ilues and communicating at their upper andA lower ends with said tunnel chambers, said com- .bers dlsposed at the outer sides ofthe tunnels, air circulating passages for said combustion chambers communicating with the tunnel` chambers, preheating iues to whlch the combustion chambers deliver, air circulating lues for said preheating iiues communicating with said tunnel chambers, sald combustion chambers and preheating flues being disposed in reverse relation Awith thev preheating iiues toward the charging ends of the tunnels, and air circulating flues disposed in the discharge end of one tunnel and communicating with the charging end of A the other tunnel.

9. The combination of a pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the -charging end of one at the discharging end of the other having a common inner wall, heating means comprising combustion chambers disposed at the outer sides of thetunnels, air circulating passages for said combustion chambers communicating with the tunnel chambers, preheatin iues to which the combustion chambers eliver, and air circulatingr lue's for said preheating finesK communicating with said tunnel chambers, said combustion chambers and preheating dues being disposed in reverse relation with the preheating ues toward the charging ends of the tunnels.

10. The' combination of a pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the charging end of one at the discharging end' of the other and having a 'common inner wall, heating means disposed centrally of the tunnels, and circulatlng ues comprising vertical pipes disposed at the inner sides of the discharge ends of the tunnels and opening at their-tops and' bottoms through the inner wall and delivering to the tops anld bottoms of the charging ends of the tunne s.

11. The combination of a pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the and communicating with the charging end of the other tunne 12. The combination of a pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reversel relation with the charging end of one at the discharging end of the other, heating means centrally of the tunnels, and air circulating lines comprising vertical pipes disposed in the discharge end of one tunnel and communicating with the charging end of the other tunnel.

13. The combination of a tunnel lkiln, heating means comprising a combustion chamber disposed at the side of the tunnel chamber, a baille wall between the tunnel chamber and combustion chamber disposed with its top in a spaced relation to the top of the tunnel chamber and having openings therethrough at the bottom, said combustion chamber being formed of plates supported by spaced transverse ribs on the vwalls at the sides and bottom thereof providing air circulating passages communicating with the tunnel chamber through said openings in said baille wall and over the top thereof, a preheating flue to which the combustion chamber delivers, the inner Wall for the preheating flue being a continuation of said baille Wall, there being spaced transverse passages below said preheating Hue communicating with the tunnel chamber, vertical air circulating tlues disposed through said' preheating flue with their lower ends opening into said passages below the same and their upper ends communicating with the tunnel chamber.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal in the presence of two witnesses.

CARL H. ZWERMANN. [1.. s.]

Witnesses:

LUFJLA G. GREENFJELD, AN Nm E. PARRY. 

